Bio11

 Notes " STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN ANIMALS" By :- Nagraj Sir  Tissues – a group of similar cells which perform same function together. ORGAN AND ORGAN SYSTEM • Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems. • This organization is essential for better coordinated activities of cells. • An organ is made of one or more type of tissues. E.g. Heart has epithelial, connective, muscular & neural tissues. MORPHOLOGY & ANATOMY OF FROG Systematic position Phylum : Chordata Class : Amphibia Genus : Rana Species : tigrina • Rana tigrina is the most common species in India. • They are poikilotherms (cold blooded). • They can change colour to hide them from their enemies (camouflage). This protective coloration is called mimicry. • undergoes aestivation (summer sleep) and hibernation (winter sleep) respectively to protect them from extreme heat and cold. MORPHOLOGY OF FROG • Body is divisible into head & trunk. Neck and tail absent. • Skin is moist, smooth and slippery due to the m...

Notes " Anatomy of flowering plants " By :- Nagraj Sir  Tissues - A group of cells having a common origin and usually performing common function are called tissues. Tissue system : Based on structure and location, tissue systems are 3 types: o Epidermal tissue system o Ground (fundamental) tissue system o Vascular (conducting) tissue system 1. Epidermal Tissue System - It forms the outer-most covering of the whole plant body. - It comprises epidermal cells, stomata and epidermal appendages (trichomes & hairs). Epidermis - It is the outermost layer of the primary plant body. - it is single layered. - It is elongated, compactly arranged parenchymatous cells - The outside of the epidermis is often covered with a waxy thick layer (cuticle). It prevents the loss of water. Cuticle is absent in roots. Stomata - These present in the epidermis of leaves. - regulate the transpiration and gaseous exchange. - A stoma is made of two bean-shaped cells (guard cells). - In grasses, the g...

 Notes " MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS"  By :- Nagraj Sharma Morphology is the branch of biological science that deals with the study of form, size, colour, structure and relative position of various parts of organisms THE ROOT It is the underground part formed from radicle of embryo. Root systems are 3 types: o Tap root system : It consists of primary roots (tap root) and its branches (lateral roots such as secondary roots, tertiary roots). Seen in dicots. Primary root is elongated from radicle. E.g. Mustard plant. o Fibrous root system : In monocots, primary root is short lived and is replaced by many roots. They originate from the base of stem to form fibrous root system. E.g. Wheat. o Adventitious root system : Roots that arise from part other than radicle. E.g. Grass, Monstera and banyan tree. Regions of the Root o Root cap: It is the covering at the apex of root. It protects the tender apex of the root. o Region of meristematic activity : Seen above the root cap. Here...

 Notes "Animal Kingdom" By:- Nagraj Sir Animals are multicellular and heterotrophic organisms  without cell wall and chlorophyll. Kingdom Animalia includes 11 major phyla: 1.   Porifera                                7. Arthropoda 2.    Cnidaria                              8. Mollusca 3.   Ctenophora                          9. Echinodermata 4.   Platyhelminthes                    10. Hemichordata 5.    Aschelminthes ...